The CEO's Private Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The CEO's Private Investigation - Essay Example Cheryl was coming into the company from their rival Boeing and she had heard some rumors while at Boeing about their being some shady dealings while the previous CEO, Jim Rawlings had been in office.   Based on the rumors, Cheryl began to ask her assistant if she knew of anything that has transpired before she came on board.   The assistant was hesitant at first but finally, let Cheryl know that she had suspicions about a file that Mr. Rawlings did not let her file for him.   She was surprised because he had not done this before and trusted her with all of his files except for this one. Cheryl felt as if this was enough to go on and she wanted to find out if there truly was something shady going on within the company. She went to her rival for the job first and asked him some questions but he did not admit nor deny anything. He indicated that it would be a lot of trouble to find out and maybe she should let it go. Cheryl was not satisfied with this response and went to speak wi th the general counsel of the company. The general counsel basically told her that if she did pursue it and there was nothing to pursue she would look bad. He also said that if she did not pursue it and something was wrong she would look bad. The only way she would look good was if she pursued the issue and there was actually something to find. But the way that she even thought something was going on was based on rumors. The issue here is whether or not Cheryl Todd should pursue the rumor that something might have been shady within the company. On the one hand, she is going on a rumor and not fact. She herself is not privy to any information that would suggest something is or was going on while Jim Rawlings was the CEO. Hank Bodine, her rival for the position, indicated that if she pursued this, she would come across as someone that would be trying to sabotage the company from within. Although this is not Cheryl’s intentions, she would have a hard time proving that she was no t trying to jeopardize the company or Jim Rawlings’ name if she launched an investigation and nothing came of it.

Barclays Retail Banking in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Barclays Retail Banking in India - Essay Example Analysis of Environment 5 1.1. PEST Analysis 5 8 1.2. Industry Life Cycle 8 2.0. Competitive stance of Barclays in India 9 2.1. Porter’s Five Forces 9 Section 2 13 2.1. Scale and Scope 13 2.2. Analysis of Strategy 14 2.3. Evaluation of Sustainability 15 References 17 Bibliography 21 Introduction After realising the potential of the emerging markets, many internationally operating business institutions have shifted their focus from developed economies to developing economies, such as China, Russia, and India (Raman, 2009). Following the trend, Barclays Bank Plc, which is by its origin an England-based financial institution, decided to expand its business in India in the year 2006. Conversely, the organisation had already entered the market almost 30 years before the commencement of retail banking in the economy (Barclays, 2011). The paper focuses on the business environment of Barclays Bank Plc in India and services rendered by the company in the economy. With this concern, the paper discusses the macro-economic factors existing in the Indian Banking Sector through PEST analysis. It also intends to identify the strategic alliances adopted by the company with the assistance of Porter’s Six Forces analysis and evaluate its appropriateness in overcoming the challenges existing in the economy. With the objective to analyse appropriateness of the strategies adopted by the company, the discussion of the paper presents a comprehensive outlook of the current status of the industry in the economic region. It also represents the various facts regarding the strategic behaviour of the company. Section 1 1.0. Analysis of Environment 1.1. PEST Analysis Political Factors The Indian political system has a great influence on the commercial sector of the economy. The current scenario of the political environment in India possesses few advantages and disadvantages which in turn can affect the banking sector to a large extent. For instance, the economy possesses a wel l-structured regulatory framework to control commercial banking and on the contrary a high inflationary rate which is most likely to have an effect on the growth of the banking industry (The Times of India, 2010). Moreover, in the current fiscal year the government of India have subscribed to recapitalise the public sector banks in order to assist them in achieving a target of 15% in terms of outstanding loans (Scribd, 2011). One major reason which can be identified in this context is the growing concern of the political leaders in the economy to improve the financial market trends with an objective of stimulated economic growth. This reformation will certainly make the competition fiercer in the market and thus affect the operations of Barclays in India. Economical Factors The GDP rate of the economy is recorded to continuously increase and currently figures around 5.75% (as was recorded in March 17th 2011). According to the economists, the economic growth rate shall persist to inc rease in the next few years (Ganesh, 2011). The interest rate of the economy is forecasted to continue on a high percentage (i.e. 5.75%). However, the inflationary rates of the economy are also recorded at an increase with 9.30%. Interest Rates of the economy currently figures to 5.75% and thus reflects a challenging business environment (Ganesh, 2011; Trading Economics, 2011). The economic situation of

Two wheeler Industry in India Essay Example for Free

Two wheeler Industry in India Essay It has been more than 50 years now that bikes have been ruling the Indian automobile sector. In 1955, the Indian government needed sturdy and reliable motorcycles for its Army and police to patrol the rugged border highways. The first batch of 350cc Bullet the super bike in India of all times, from the Royal Enfield Company of UK were received and assembled at Chennai. Since then, bikes in India have been flourishing as a two wheelers segment, and Indian bikes gaining on popularity all across the world. Talking of bikes cc, bikes having four-stroke engines are thought to be more fuel efficient motorbikes. They are the main reason for the growth of motorbikes in India as a segment. Indian bikes market share is about 81. 5% of the total two wheeler market in India. Three-fourth of the total exports in the two wheeler automobile industry is made in the motorcycle segment. Exports are made mainly to South East Asian and SAARC nations. India is the manufacturer of some of the best bikes in the world. Hero Honda, Kinetic Motor, TVS Motor, LML India are some of iconic bike manufacturers in India. There are cheap motorcycles that comprise the commuter bikes segment, as well luxury bikes like sports bike in India for the new age bikers. Ever year, a series of latest bike launch keep the sector buzzing. Kawasaki Ninja, Bajaj Pulsar 135 LS, and Honda Unicorn Dazzler are some of the latest motorcycle models that have made news in the recent past. Besides, there are also a number of new bikes in India that are awaiting a launch in the near future 3. Big Players This section provides detailed information on every bike manufacturer in India, features of motorcycles, motorcycle parts, and cheap motorcycles. 3. 1 Bajaj Auto Established in 1945, Bajaj Auto Ltd. was incorporated as a trading company. Till 1959, they imported scooters and three-wheelers from Italy and sold them in India. The company got a production license in the year 1959 and fastened a technical collaboration with Italian PIAGGIO in 1960. Bajaj Auto Ltd. is one among Indias top ten companies in terms of market capitalization and among the top five in terms of annual turnover. The company started producing scooters in the year 1961 and followed three-wheelers production in 1962. Its collaboration with Piaggio expired in 1971 and since then, their scooters and three-wheelers are being sold with the brand name â€Å"BAJAJ†. Maharashtra Scooters Ltd. , a Company with 24% equity participation by the Company and 27% participation from Maharashtra State Governments Western Maharashtra Development Corp. was formed in the year 1975 under the Horizontal transfer of technology policy. The first production unit is located at Satara, Maharashtra. The unit continues to collect scooters from CKDs supplied by the Company. These scooters are marketed through the Companys distribution network and under the Companys brand name. In 1984, the second production plant was set up at Aurangabad, Maharashtra. This plant started scooter production in 1986, three-wheeler production in 1987 and scooterettes and motorcycle facilities were commissioned in 1990 1991 respectively. Today, the company has become a market leader with annual production in excess of 1. 35 million units which was about 4000 units in 1961. |TWO WHEELERS | | MOTORCYCLE | |Bajaj Discover 150 DTSi |150 CC | |Bajaj Avenger |180 CC | |Bajaj CT 100 |99. 27 CC | |Bajaj Discover DTSi |135 CC | |Bajaj Kawasaki Caliber |111. 6 CC | |Bajaj Kawasaki Boxer |111. 6 CC | |Bajaj KB 125 |123 CC | |Bajaj 4S Champion |99. 35 CC | |Bajaj Platina |99. 27 CC | |Bajaj Pulsar 135 LS |135CC | |Bajaj Pulsar DTS-Fi 220 CC |220 CC | |Bajaj Pulsar DTSi | | | · Pulsar 180 DTS-i UG |180 CC | | · Pulsar 150 DTS-i UG |150 CC | | · Pulsar 200 Cc |200 CC | | · Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi |220 CC | |Bajaj Wind 125 |124. 6 CC | |Bajaj XCD |125 CC | |Bajaj Discover DTS-Si 100cc |100 CC | |Bajaj Pulsar 220 S |200CC | | SCOOTERS | |Bajaj Bravo |145 CC | |Bajaj Chetak |145. 45 CC | |Bajaj Classic SL |145. 45 CC | |Bajaj Legend |150 CC | | SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS | |Bajaj Blade DTSi |100 CC | |Bajaj Cagiva CRX |145 CC | |Bajaj Fusion |145 CC | |Bajaj Kristal DTSi |100 CC | |Bajaj M 80 Electronic |74. 08 CC | |Bajaj Rave |74. 08 CC | |Bajaj Safire |74. 4 CC | |Bajaj Spirit |100 CC | |Bajaj Sunny |59. 86 CC | |Bajaj Sunny Spice |59. 86 CC | |Bajaj Wave DTSi |109. 7 CC | 3. 1. 1 SWOT Analysis Lets analyze the position of Bajaj in the current market set-up, evaluating its strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities available. Strengths: ? Highly experienced management. ? Product design and development capabilities. ? Extensive R D focus. ? Widespread distribution network. ? High performance products across all categories. ? High export to domestic sales ratio. ? Great financial support network (For financing the automobile) ? High economies of scale. ? High economies of scope. Weaknesses: ? Hasnt employed the excess cash for long. ? Still has no established brand to match Hero Hondas Splendor in commuter segment. ? Not a global player in spite of huge volumes. ? Not a globally recognizable brand (unlike the JV partner Kawasaki) Threats: ? The competition catches-up any new innovation in no time. ? Threat of cheap imported motorcycles from China. ? Margins getting squeezed from both the directions (Price as well as Cost) Opportunities: ? Double-digit growth in two-wheeler market. ? Untapped market above 180 cc in motorcycles. ? More maturity and movement towards higher-end motorcycles. ? The growing gearless trendy scooters and scooterette market. ? Growing world demand for entry-level motorcycles especially in emerging markets 3. 2 Hero Honda Motors Hero Honda Motors Ltd. is a result of the joint venture between Indias Hero Group and Japanese Honda Motors Company in the year 1983. This joint venture has not only created the worlds single largest two wheeler company but also one of the most successful joint ventures worldwide. Hero Honda is globally known of being the most fuel-efficient and the largest CBZ selling Indian Motorcycle Company. This is a relationship so harmonious that Hero Honda has managed to achieve indigenization of over 95 percent, a Honda record worldwide. The company is committed to provide the customer with excellence. A rich background of producing high value products at reasonable prices led the worlds largest manufacturer of motorcycles to collaborate with the worlds largest bicycle manufacturer. During 80s, Hero Honda became the first company in India to prove that it was possible to drive a vehicle without polluting the roads. They company possess three manufacturing units based at Dharuhera, Gurgaon and Haridwar are capable to produce 4. 4 million units per year. They introduced new generation motorcycles that set industry benchmarks for fuel thrift and low emission. The unique features like fuel conservation, safety riding courses and mobile workshops helped the group reach in the interiors of the country. Well-entrenched in the domestic market, Hero Honda Motors Ltd. turned its attention overseas, and exports have been steadily on the rise. Over the years, the Company has received its share of accolades, including the National Productivity Councils Award ( 1990-91), and the Economic Times Harvard Business School Association of India Award, against 200 contenders. The gross sales of Hero Honda by March end2008 was 33,371,43 Crores. |TWO WHEELERS | | MOTORCYCLES | |Hero Honda Achiever |Hero Honda CD Dawn |Hero Honda CD Deluxe | |Hero Honda CD 100 |Hero Honda CD 100 SS |Hero Honda Glamour | |Hero Honda Glamour |Hero Honda Splendor |Hero Honda Passion Plus | |Glamour |Splendor + | | |Glamour FI |Super Splendor | | | |Splendor NXG | | |Hero Honda Sleek |Hero Honda CBZ X-TREME |Hero Honda Karizma | | | |. Karizma ZMR FI | |Hero Honda Hunk | | | | SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS | |Hero Honda Pleasure |Hero Ankur |Hero Gizmo | |Hero Panther |Hero Puch Automatic |Hero Sakhti 3G | |Hero Stepmatic |Hero Street |Hero Winner | |Hero Stepmatic |Hero Puch Automatic |Hero Sakthi 3G | |Hero Winner | | | 3. 2. 1 SWOT analysis 3. 3 TVS Motor TVS Motor is a leading and trusted two wheeler company began with the vision of TVS Scooty. The founder of the Sundaram Clayton Group, the late T. S. Srinivasan to design, develop and produce an affordable moped for the Indian family. This vision was realized in 1980 when TVS 50, Indias first two-seater moped rolled out of the factory at Hosur in Tamil Nadu, Southern India. The company has been known for its ruggedness and reliability. TVS 50 was successful and it has smoothened the way for many successes for TVS Suzuki even before its launch in the market. The TVS 50 XL is especially designed for individuals who want economy fused with sporty looks. Recently new XL Super With a 70 cc high-tech Power Pack is all set to redefine the category of mopeds in the country. The Suzuki Samurai was launched for the time conscious urban commuter. The Max 100 R was engineered for those who demanded strength and ruggedness. Along with them all, Suzuki Shogun was for those who wanted raw power. TVS Motor has continually worked on innovating the motorcycle segment along with two wheeler range. The Suzuki Shaolin, developed by TVS Suzuki is Indias first 5 speed, 140 cc motorcycle. Another example of the company success is TVS Scooty, a 60 cc Scooterette which keep one step ahead of its time in India. TVS Motor has been coveted 2 IT awards, one of them is bagging the SAP ACE 2008 award for Customer Excellence and the other one is 2008 Symantec South Asia Visionary Award. Along with this, it is the first company in the world to be honored with The Deming Prize for Total Quality Management. In September 2008, the company has got 19% growth for registering total two wheeler sales of 137,246 units . The company is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and ranks among the top ten globally. The company was the first in India to launch 2-seater 50cc moped and 100cc Indo-Japanese motorcycles. At present TVS Apache, TVS Victor, TVS Scooty, TVS Centra and TVS Fiero are the popular bikes in Indian market. In all, team TVS has triumphed each and every race and rally in the country from the road to racetrack, with each of the TVS bikes being a winner. And each time the Team TVS has won on the track or off it, our customers have secured a better product for their personal transportation. |TWO WHEELERS | | MOTORCYCLES | |Suzuki Hayabusa 1300 |Suzuki Intruder M1800R |Suzuki GS 150R | |TVS Apache RTR FI |TVS Centra |TVS Fiero | | | |TVS Fiero F2 | | | |TVS Fiero FX | |Suzuki Max 100 |Suzuki Max 100R |Suzuki Samurai | |Suzuki Shogun |Suzuki Shaolin |TVS Flame | |TVS Victor |TVS Star | | |TVS Victor GLX |TVS Star | | |TVS Victor GX |TVS Star City | | |TVS Victor Edge | | | | SCOOTERETTES/MOPEDS | |TVS Scooty Streak |TVS Scooty |TVS XL | | |TVS Scooty ES |TVS XL Super | | |TVS Scooty Pep |TVS XL Super HD | | |TVS Pep Plus | | |TVS XL Super |TVS XL Super HD |Scooty Teenz Electric | |TVS Apache RTR |TVS Spectra DX/AX | |.

Indian Education Market Analysis

Indian Education Market Analysis Introduction Framework of International Business in overseas market. Higher education these days has become a profitable business due to high demand of quality education worldwide. This has given rise to international branch campuses all around the world. These campuses operate in host country and provide awards and qualifications with a brand name of home university. An Analysis of why University of Wollongong expand to India UOW has already established a very strong partnership with Indian academic institutes in the areas of mining technology, renewable energy and logistics. UOW also have strong links with major Indian IT companies like Infosys. The cost of setting up a campus in India will be less because UOW has very strong local ties which will be helpful in raising the capital. University is also popular among Indian students and over one thousand Indian students are currently enrolled in UOWs Australian and Dubai campuses. Indian education sector is viewed as very lucrative as the country want to develop skills of around 400 million people by 2022(Munro, 2017). It is highly anticipated that UOW would make profit by extending its overseas market to India. There is no doubt that every business venture has some risks associated with it.   In this case, major risk would be that students may prefer to study in universitys Australian campus instead of Indian campus. This risk can be minimised by offerin g less tuition fees at Indian campus. Another solution is to offer twinning arrangements to students which would involve option of partial study in Indian campus followed by study in Australian campus. PESTLE Analysis of Indian Education Market Indian education sector has recently been identified as a lucrative market for investment due to low literacy rate, growing urban population and recent increase in per capita income. Indias education sector does offer many profitable business opportunities for foreign universities like UOW(Tohmatsu, October 2012). Indias higher education market has grown significantly in the past ten years as shown in the fig below. More students are enrolling in higher educational institutes after leaving school and willing to pay more for quality education. There are opportunities for foreign universities to establish an international branch campus in India independently or in collaboration with private sector. A detailed analysis of Indian market in terms of political, environmental, social, technological and legal factors can be discussed as follows: Political Environment India is a democratic country and current government was elected in May 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Current government is very stable and strongly support foreign investment in education sector. A legislation is currently underway to allow foreign universities to setup international campuses in India. The proposal is to allow foreign universities to operate independently, award degrees and repatriate all profits which is strongly supported by many state governments as well. Governments focus is on providing opportunities for millions of young Indians to receive quality education and employment skills. Government is committed to skill development of half a billion people by 2022(Export.gov, 2017). Government strongly support collaboration between foreign universities and Indian universities in research and development. Government focus is on developing partnership with foreign universities in the field of mining technology, software development, pharmaceuticals and nanotechnology. UOW has recently joined hands with Indian state government of Gujarat to support Centre of Mining Excellence due to the universitys expertise in mining technology. Current political environment in India is very favourable for UOW to setup an international campus in India. Economic Environment India is the third largest economy by purchasing power parity and seventh largest in the world in terms of nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). India is considered as one of the major economy in G-20 nations. During the last five years, Indian economy has experienced a growth rate of 7-8% per annum and it is expected to grow at the same rate for at least next five years. The driver behind countrys economic expansion is its service sector which comprised of retail, telecommunications and information technology. India is emerging as a very strong market for higher education and vocational training due to its service sector driven economy. The number of enrolments at educational institutes in India is the third largest in the world only behind China and the US. Education sector in India has witnessed a strong growth in the past 20 years and it continues to grow which gave rise to strong demand for higher education. Higher education sector in the past was dominated by government institutes, however admissions in private institutes have suddenly increased recently due to higher demand supply gap. It is estimated that education market in India will worth billions of dollars in upcoming years. Education market in India is becoming very lucrative and this is the best time for UOW to setup an international campus in India(Deloitte, September 2013). Social and Cultural Environment India is considered one of the youngest countries in the world with a median age of around 24 years. Indias potential workforce is estimated to reach one billion by 2025. Indian literacy rate is 74.04 % as compared to world literacy rate of 86.3%. Indian society is very diverse with many cultures, languages and religions. In India, religion plays an important role and people are very much influenced by it. Culture and Religion also have implications on education(Andy Bertsch, 2013). In the past, most of the students were only interested in engineering and medicine courses due to the influence of their family and friends. Nowadays students have started showing interest in variety of other courses such as journalism, hospitality, law and management.   There is a golden opportunity in India for UOW to offer specialised courses and quality education to millions of aspiring students. Technological Environment Technological changes can lead to innovation, better quality and less costs for the organisations. Internet and telecommunication technology is evolving very fast in India. Most of the country is served with 3G and 4G networks to support businesses. India has a powerful information technology sector which constantly provides new computer systems, software and technological advancements. India has all the infrastructure in place to provide world class teaching facilities like smart lecture theatres with audio video connectivity, e-learning and fast internet connection for the proposed international campus(Scholar, January 2016). Legal Environment Indian legal system is well developed and based on the Common law of England. Judicial system is fair, accountable and transparent. Taxation policies support foreign direct investment and international trade is governed by flexible regulations. Indian companies pay flat tax rate of 30%, however foreign companies pay flat tax rate of 40%.   The government has started projects like E-Biz and Invest India with an aim to facilitate investments from global investment community. Now only single application is required for multiple clearances to set up a new business in India. This is the best time for a foreign university like UOW to establish an Indian campus. Conclusion There is no doubt that international branch campus can be a financial risk for the Universities however, UOW is already running a very successful campus in Dubai. Lucrative Indian education market, favourable economic conditions, strong partnership with local IT industry and research collaboration with academic institutes are some of the potential success factors for UOW to open a campus in India. References ANDY BERTSCH, J. O., M.SAEED, SONNIE BATES AND ABM ABDULLAH 2013. Business Environment in India: An International Perspective Business Environment in India: An International Perspective Dhaka. DELOITTE September 2013. Deloitte Foreign Universities in India. Touche Tohmatsu India Private Limited. EXPORT.GOV. 2017. India Education Service [Online]. International trade administration. Available: https://www.export.gov/article?id=India-Education-Services [Accessed 25 March 2017]. HEALEY, N. October 19, 2015 The Conversation Academic rigour journalistic flair Universities that set up branch campuses in other countries are not colonisers [Online]. The Conversation Media Group Ltd. Available: http://theconversation.com/universities-that-set-up-branch-campuses-in-other-countries-are-not-colonisers-46289 [Accessed 22 March 2017]. MUNRO, K. 2017. Could building campuses offshore be the future for Australias universities? [Online]. Faltex Media. Available: http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/could-building-campuses-offshore-be-the-future-for-australias-universities-20160719-gq8wsv.html [Accessed 27 March 2017]. SCHOLAR, M. R. R. January 2016. MAKE IN INDIA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES International Journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, 2, 60. TOHMATSU, D. T. October 2012. Indian Higher Education Sector Opportunities aplenty, growth unlimited! :  ©2012 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Private Limited.

The Subjection of Women Exposed in A Doll’s House Essay -- Henrik Ibse

A man, intoxicated and impoverished, lay on the dirty streets of patriarchal Norway, and as the jeering citizens sauntered by, they could have never guessed that this man, Henrik Ibsen, would be the Prometheus of women’s rights and the creator of the modern play. Having been born in 1828, Ibsen lived through various examples of the subjection of women within the law, such as Great Britain allowing men to lock up and beat their wives â€Å"in moderation† (Bray 33). Therefore, Ibsen was known for his realistic style of writing within both poetry and plays, which usually dealt with everyday situations and people (31). Focusing on the rights of women, Ibsen’s trademark was â€Å"...looking at these problems without the distortions of romanticism† and often receiving harsh criticism for doing so (31). In an attempt to support his family, Ibsen became a pharmaceutical apprentice, but after three years he abandoned this profession and began writing poet ry. After an apprenticeship in the theater, he began writing his own plays, including a drama in verse, Peer Gynt (31). While working and writing in Norway, Ibsen and several social critics observed â€Å"...the penalty society pays when only half of its members participate fully as citizens†, deciding to flee Norway in hopes of finding a more accepting social environment (33). Ibsen wrote A Doll’s House, his most famous work about women suffering through the oppressive patriarchal society, while living primarily in Germany and Italy where he â€Å"...was exposed to these social norms and tensions to a much greater extent than he would have been had he remained solely in Norway† (32). While Sweden, Norway, and Denmark began to grant legal majority to women, Ibsen understood the legal improvements f... ... DE: Prestwick House Inc.: Literary Touchstone Classics, 2006. Print. Mill, John Stuart. From The Subjection of Women. England in Literature: Medallion Edition. Ed. Helen McDonnell et al. Glenview, Il.: Scott, Foresman and Co. 1979. 436-439. Secondary Sources Bray, Ashlin Ed. "Biography of Henrik Ibsen and Fact Sheet of Women's Progress." In Multiple Critical Perspectives: A Doll's House. Clayton DE: Prestwick House Inc. 2007. 31-34. Print. Orjasaeter, Kristin. "Mother, Wife and Role Model: A contextual perspective on feminism in A Doll's House." Ibsen Studies: Tahlor and Francis. Ltd. 2005. 19-47. Print. Scott, Clement. "Review of 'A Doll's House.'" The Theatre 14.79 (July 1889): 19-22. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Criticism. Ed. Paula Kepos. Vol. 37. Detroit: Gale Research. 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web

“The Sad Fate of Coral Reefs” Essay -- Ecology

It was at a young age that I fell in love with the ocean and the splendor of its biodiversity. It was when I gazed upon the magnificent blue waters of the world that I found my passion. At this young age, I decided that I would pursue a path that involved helping endangered marine organisms. Many conclude that I speak of the more common marine animals, such as dolphins and whales. However, that is not the case. My passion lies with the â€Å"Rainforests of the Sea†, the coral reefs. Coral reefs are the most diverse and biologically richest of all marine ecosystems. As with almost every ecosystem and its members, coral reefs provide several ecosystem services. For instance, coral reefs serve as natural barriers against hurricanes and catastrophic storm surges, their chemicals may treat diseases, and they are a nitrogen fixation. On of the most important functions of coral reefs are that they are a major source of food for people. While they serves as a benefit to humans, coral reefs serve as shelter and food for many organisms, such as sponges, fish, turtles, dolphins, and several other marine life. Coral reefs are, to me, the most incredible organisms present in the world. Generally, coral reefs are overlooked; many do not see their beauty or even know much about them. As I mentioned earlier, coral reefs benefit mankind in many ways, a few examples listed above. Now, I did, indeed, neglect to mention how mankind benefits corals. The reason for this missing aspect is that, as of yet, mankind has truly failed to serve as a benefit for coral reefs. I mentioned that my calling was to help endangered marine animals. Why is it that coral reefs are in need of help? How has mankind affected coral reefs? To begin to discuss how the coral... ...on growth, fishing, and tourism. Nevertheless, I believe that somehow, mankind had positively affected coral reefs. I believe that there have to be people who share my deep admiration for coral reefs and truly value their absolute beauty. Like myself, I believe these people will stop at nothing to protect the reef and its habitats. I hope to, in contrast, further explore mankind’s positive affects on coral reefs before writing my major paper. Works Cited "NOAA's Role." NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. N.p., 02 September 2011. Web. 27 February 2012. "How Pollution Affects Coral Reefs." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. N.p., 12 December 2006. Web. 27 February 2012. â€Å"Anthrosphere.† Exploring the Environment, Coral Reefs. N.p. 8 March 2004. Web. 27 February 2012. â€Å"Coral reefs: threats.† World Wildlife Fund. N.p. N.d. Web. 27 February 2012.

Congestive Heart Failure Health And Social Care Essay

Approximately five million Americans are populating with Congestive Heart Failure ( CHF ) and each twelvemonth about 550,000 new instances are diagnosed. CHF is a status where damage occurred to the bosom, ensuing in the bosom is incapable to present sufficient oxygenated blood to the variety meats in order to back up the organic structure ‘s demands. There are many causes that lead to CHF, for illustration bosom onslaughts, infection, high blood pressure, valvular diseases and intoxicant. [ 1 ] C: UsersosmDesktoposmdocumentsBio Report about CHFsymptoms of CHF.bmp CHF patients would chiefly endure from fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling in mortise joints, legs and venters. Along with the promotions in engineering, there are interventions to assist CHF patients. So, what are the possible interventions available to command and alleviate the symptoms? Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clivir.com/lessons/show/symptoms-congestive-heart-failure-is-worsening.html ( 125 words )Solution for Congestive Heart Failure ( CHF )Drugs TherapyThere are two rules in the intervention of CHF. First, take or command the underlying cause such as high blood pressure, valvular disease and thyrotoxicosis. In some instances, the jobs of CHF could be removed if the cause were treated early plenty. Second, command the marks and symptoms. These are done by utilizing three types of drugs: water pills, vasodilatives and positive inotropic drugs.Diuretic drugsFor CHF patients, the important symptoms would be the puffiness of venters, legs and mortise joints. Excess fluid would besides show in or around the lungs, taking to shortness of breath. The cause to these symptoms is sodium and H2O keeping. Therefore, water pills which act to cut down Na and H2O keeping by advancing the flow of fluid through kidneys are normally prescribed. The illustrations of Diuretic drugs are Thiazide water pills ( bendrofluazide ) , loop water pills ( Lasix and bumetanide ) and K sparing water pills ( Aldactone ) . [ 2, 5, 6 ] The pick and the dose of water pills depend on the badness of CHF and age. In mild CHF, thiazide water pills would be sufficient whereas in terrible CHF, cringle water pills or combination of thiazide and cringle water pills are recommended. [ 29 ] Normally, patients are asked to keep a low Na diet as good. In add-on, it is normal for patients taking water pills to see frequent micturition. When there is no extra fluid, the symptoms could be relieved and the external respiration would be easier. Besides frequent micturition, water pills besides cause the organic structure to lose K and Mg. Hence, it is critical for physicians to order K and Mg addendum to patients to guarantee that they do non endure from malnutrition. Other side effects of taking water pills include desiccation, hypokalemia, hearing perturbations, and low blood force per unit area. [ 2, 27 ] ( 408 words )VasodilatorsVasodilators dilate either arteriolas, or venulas, or both to cut down the work burden of the bosom so that bosom could pump with higher efficiency to transport oxygenated blood. ACE inhibitor is one of the vasodilatives. It serves to suppress the action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ( ACE ) from change overing Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a neurohormone which causes vasoconstriction of the bosom vass, taking to high blood pressure. Besides, Angiotensin II besides causes the organic structure to let go of aldosterone – a substance that causes our kidneys to retain Na and fluid, doing hydrops. [ 3, 29 ] So, bEnce, Hdy forestalling the formation of Angiotensin II, both high blood pressure and hydrops could be controlled. Therefore, among vasodilatives, ACE inhibitors are ever the first pick as they have extra action besides vasodilatation. They are besides proven to protract the lives of CHF patients by decelerating down the procedure of bosom harm. [ 25 ] Other illustrations of vasodilatives are hydralazine, prozosin and the illustrations of ACE Inhibitors are captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. [ 4, 5, 29 ] Different vasodilatives have different consequence on arteriolas and venulas. Drug Arterial distension Venous distension Hydralazine++–Calcium adversaries+++ACE inhibitors++++Prazosin++++Salbutamol++++Nitroprusside++++Nitrates+++Opiates+++Consequence of different vasodilatives on arteriolas and venulas Retrieved from â€Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders † ( 613 words ) Although ACE inhibitors have been the most normally used drugs for CHF patients, there are side effects. The possible side effects are pecking, dry cough, low blood force per unit area, declining kidney map and electrolyte instabilities, and seldom, true allergic reactions. [ 2 ]Positive Inotropic DrugsPositive Inotropic Drugs serve to increase the cardiac end product by increasing the force of cardiac contraction. Cardiac glycosides are the most normally prescribed positive inotropic drugs. Cardiac glycosides enhance the cardiac contraction by commanding the bearer protein, Na – K pumps in the cell membrane. It inhibits the conveyance of Na ions out of the cells, ensuing in high intracellular Na concentration. This inhibits the map of the 2nd membrane ion pump, NCX, from pumping Ca ions out of the cell and Na ions in. [ 22,29 ] Accumulation of Ca ions inside the cell consequences in a stronger and faster contraction as more Ca is released when stimulated. Q PhosphorusVentricular end- diastolic force per unit areaLow end product symptomsCardiac OutputNormal Congestive symptoms CHF CHF+ Inotropic drug Untitled.jpg The Frank-Starling curve shows the consequence of positive inotropic drugs. It would increase the cardiac end product ( indicate P ) and that would let the ventricular end-diastolic force per unit area to fall without cardiac end product falling below normal ( indicate Q ) , keeping normal cardiac end product. Retrieved from â€Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders † ( 811 words ) Other illustrations of positive inotropic drugs are phosphodiesterase inhibitors ( Xanthines, Enoximone ) , adrenoceptor agonists and illustration of cardiac glycosides is Digoxin. Cardiac glycosides should non be used or uneffective in the undermentioned conditions: left ventricular outflow obstructor, constricting pericarditis, chronic cor pulmonale and thyrotoxicosis. [ 25 ] Congestive Heart Failure Positive Inotropic drugs Vasoconstriction Reduced cardiac end product Increased after-load Reduced nephritic blood flow Increases chymosin & A ; Angiotensin Vasodilators and water pills Sodium and H2O keeping ACE inhibitors Diuretic drugs Summary of the mechanisms of action of drugs used in CHF intervention Retrieved from â€Å" The Drug Therapy of Cardiovascular Disorders † By and large, the initial intervention of CHF is by water pills. If the response towards water pills were deficient, combination of water pills and vasodilatives chiefly ACE inhibitors is common. In terrible CHF, a combination of a diuretic with either a vasodilative or a cardiac glycoside from the start, continuing to a combination of all three if necessary is recommended. [ 28 ] ( 962 words ) As mentioned above, to handle CHF, foremost is to take or command the implicit in cause. Thus, for CHF caused by high blood pressure, it is indispensable to handle high blood pressure. A combination of ACE inhibitors and water pills can be used. It is more effectual than utilizing ACE inhibitors or water pills entirely. The chart below shows that the blood force per unit area of the patients is lowest when combination of ACE inhibitors and water pills is used. The chart shows the comparings of the hypotensive effects of Capoten ( ACE inhibitors ) , water pills and the combination of both in patients with indispensable high blood pressure. Retrieved from Handbook of Hypertension ( 1061 words ) In add-on, medical research workers have found that Aldactone can better the endurance rate of patients with CHF. [ 4, 6, 7 ] They besides prove that the consequence of Aldactone, a diuretic which is an aldosterone adversary can be enhanced by ACE inhibitors as it besides inhibits the stimulation of aldosterone. [ 27 ] Through the survey of RALES ( Randomized Aldactone Evaluation ) test, the study showed a 30 per centum decrease in overall mortality with Aldactone ( 35 versus 46 per centum for placebo ) and it is enhanced by ACE inhibitors. [ 6 ] Graph demoing the decreased mortality rate by 30 per centum with Aldactone ( 35 versus 46 per centum for placebo ) hypertext transfer protocol: //cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/uptodate/congestive % 20heart % 20failure/Treatment/Use % 20of % 20diuretics % 20in % 20congestive % 20heart % 20failure.htm Degree centigrades: UsersosmDesktoposmdocumentsBio Report about CHFchart demoing cut down mortality httpcmbi.bjmu.edu.cnuptodatecongestive % 20heart % 20failureTreatmentUse % 20of % 20diuretics % 20in % 20congestive % 20heart % 20failure.htm.gif Last, drugs therapy should be assisted by lifestyle alterations. Changes like modest exercising, quit smoke, abstaining from intoxicant and diet with low Na and fluid are utile to alleviate the symptoms and better life ‘s quality. In fact, analyze shown by American College of Cardiology in March 2009 stated that 30 proceedingss of exercising twice a hebdomad, under the attention of your heart specialist, can cut down the hazard of hospitalization or decease. [ 16 ] ( 1233 words )Economic DeductionTreatments like medicines or hospitalization has become the basic demand for CHF patient and both caused great fiscal load and economic impact. The cost of CHF admittances to the infirmary ranges from 8 to 15 billion dollars a twelvemonth. [ 14 ] Based on The British Heart Foundation, 2004, over 625 million lbs per twelvemonth in direct medical costs in the UK is used for CHF. Besides, CHF patients are frequently prescribed with more than a individual medicine in a class. [ 15 ] This had further increased the cost for medicines. Degree centigrade: UsersosmPicturesGraph for deduction 2.jpg The chart illustrates Top 4 medicine classs, by New York Heart Association category of bosom failure, prescribed for patients with chronic bosom failure. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ajcc.aacnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/11/5/474 Due to the high cost, medical insurance are utile when it comes to medical fees. However, it is of import for the patients to be cognizant that the claiming process is sometimes complex and time-consuming. Therefore, patients should ever be financially prepared. ( 1390 words )Social ImplicationCHF patients would endure from symptoms such as hydrops, weariness and shortness of breath. They have to command their diet, monitor their weight to do certain there is no unstable keeping and take a heap of medical specialties to command the symptoms. For patients who are tobacco user and alcoholic, they would hold to fight to discontinue their bad wonts as good. They will shortly happen it hard to work and finally neglect to carry on day-to-day activities like bath and frock by themselves. Due to the sudden alterations in their qualities of life, they tend to be emotionally stressed. They would go anti-social as they developed low self-esteem and anxiousness. Thus, aid and societal supports from households, friends and health professionals are of import for CHF patients. In my sentiment, the authorities and non-governmental organisations should collaborate to supply aid for CHF patients and advance healthy life style through runs and negotiations to cut down the instances of CHF.Benefits and hazardsMedicines are proven to be effectual in alleviating symptoms and cut downing mortality of CHF patients. Patients barely enjoy their lives like playing with their grandchildren or going as they experience fatigue and shortness of breath. However, with these drugs available, CHF patients get to protract endurance and alleviate the symptoms. Hence, they would hold more cherished clip to be with their households and friends. In contrast, drugs therapy does hold hazards. Different types of medicines have different hazards of side effects. Some of the side effects are mild but some are non. For illustrations, although water pills relieve symptoms of CHF, it has side effects like low blood force per unit area and desiccation. Besides, it is rare but non impossible that some drugs cause terrible side effects. ACE inhibitors, for case, may do an utmost decrease in infection-fighting white blood cells. [ 26 ] Treatments are needed to last but hazards are inevitable. is isTherefore, CHF patients are advised to follow the doses prescribed by physicians consequently and be cognizant of the side effects before taking the medical specialties. ( 1720 words )Alternate SolutionsCardiac Resynchronization Therapy ( CRT )Ventricles of a CHF patient frequently do non pump in unison and the contraction would be out of synchronism. As a consequence, the left ventricle can non pump sufficient oxygenated blood to the organic structure. In this status, CRT is frequently recommended. CRT, besides known as the biventricular pacesetter, is a specially designed pacesetter which treats the hold in the ventricles contraction of the bosom. It keeps the right and left ventricles pumping in unison by directing little electrical urges through the leads. [ 10 ] This device has 2 or 3 lead wires positioned in the bosom. The leads are implanted through a vena in the right atrium and right ventricle and into the coronary fistula vena to gait the left ventricle. [ 11 ] Biventricular Pacemaker Heart Illustration Diagram of biventricular pacesetter hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/biventricularpacemaker/article.htm CHF patients are at hazard of arrhythmia, which is any upset of bosom rate or beat. [ 12 ] Thus, physicians would urge a combination of implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( ICD ) and biventricular. ICD helps by observing the irregular bosom beat and present a daze to acquire the bosom rhythm back to normal. Surveies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have shown that an ICD with biventricular better life quality and may cut down mortality by up to 40 per centum in patients with CHF. [ 13 ] ( 1932 words )Heart TransplantHeart organ transplant is a surgical process to take a morbid bosom and replace it with a healthy bosom from a giver who has been declared brain-dead but remains on life support. [ 8 ] It is a accomplishable intervention option for terrible CHF patients when their conditions are beyond control of drugs and devices like CRT and ICD. After bosom organ transplant, energy and mobility of patients can be restored. However, the hazard of bosom organ transplant is high. The new bosom transplanted may neglect to work or rejected as it is considered as a â€Å" foreign organic structure † . [ 17 ] Thus, the immune system is suppressed to forestall rejection. By stamp downing the immune system, receivers are at hazard of acquiring infections and malignant neoplastic disease as their organic structure immune system can non support them any longer.A AGermanyA 22.9 %A AItalyA 10.7 %A AFranceA 10 %A ACanadaA 9 %A ABelgiumA 6.8 %A AAustriaA 5.5 %A ANetherlandsA 3.8 %A APolandA 3.6 %A ACzech RepublicA 3.1 %A ASpainA 2.7 %A AAustraliaA 2.6 %A ANorwayA 2.1 %A ATaiwanA 1.9 %A ABrazilA 1.5 %A ASwedenA 1.5 %A AArgentinaA 1.5 %A AColombiaA 1.4 %A AMexicoA 1.4 %A ADenmarkA 1.3 %A AIrelandA 1.1 % pie chart of bosom transplant.jpg Pie chart demoing the per centum of bosom graft in the state surveyed in 2002 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_tra_hea-health-transplants-heart ( 2076 words ) In fact, there are some conditions where bosom organ transplant is non recommended, for illustration for those who have malignant neoplastic disease, infections, hapless map of other variety meats, malnutrition or diabetes. [ 8 ] Consequently, terrible CHF patients would be evaluated by bosom graft squad to make up one's mind whether they are suited campaigners for bosom organ transplant before their names are added into the state waiting list. After the organ transplant, careful monitoring and interventions are ongoing procedure to do certain no infections, rejections and other hazards. [ 9 ]Evaluationâ€Å" Medical research workers have found that Aldactone can better the endurance rate of patients with congestive bosom failure † This infusion is taken from mention, [ 4 ] , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/congestive heartfailure/page5.htm. This beginning is dependable since the similar information is found in beginning [ 6 ] . Besides, the wellness information of the web site is provided by professionals and experts in the Fieldss of medical specialty and health care. The physicians of Medicine Internet are besides the writer of the â€Å" Webster ‘s New WorldTM Medical Dictionary † for the first to 3rd editions ( May, 2008 ) . Therefore, with them as the writer or editor, the beginning is dependable. Furthermore, this website complies with the â€Å" HONcode † criterion for trusty wellness information. Another beginning which I found dependable is, [ 8 ] , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ article/003003.htm. It is really utile in supplying the elaborate information related to bosom organ transplant. The information of this beginning is a service from the U.S. National Library of Medicine ( NLM ) , the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) , and other authorities bureaus and health-related organisations which is trustable. Besides, this beginning is one of the five victors of â€Å" 2005 World Summit on the Information Society awards † for e-health and it besides complies with the â€Å" HONcode † criterion for trusty wellness information. [ 24 ] In add-on, Consumer Reports on March 2009 mentioned that the beginning, Medline Plus is recognized as the authorities wellness web site that is â€Å" most dependable and easiest to voyage † . This farther ensures the dependability of this beginning. ( 2385 words )